“NEGERI REMPAH-REMPAH” DARI MASA BERSEMI HINGGA GUGURNYA KEJAYAAN REMPAH-REMPAH

Fadly Rahman

ABSTRACT
Artikel ini membahas kedudukan rempah-rempah sebagai bagian penting dari sejarah Indonesia dengan mengkajinya dari perspektif sejarah total. Komoditas seperti cengkeh dan pala yang dihasilkan di Kepulauan Maluku pada masa lalu pernah dihargai tinggi dalam ekonomi global. Eksplorasi pelayaran dari berbagai penjuru dunia demi mencari rempah-rempah lantas menciptakan “Jalur Rempah” yang menjadikan nusantara sebagai poros ekonomi global. Selain berpengaruh besar terhadap berbagai unsur kehidupan dalam lingkup global, eksplorasi rempah-rempah telah memicu temuan penting dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan, mulai dari Itinerario karya kartografi oleh Jan Huygen van Linschoten hingga Herbarium Amboinense karya botanikal oleh Rumphius. Akan tetapi di balik itu, rempah-rempah memicu terjadinya praktik eksploitasi alam. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah total sebagaimana diterapkan oleh Fernand Braudel, artikel ini menyajikan hubungan sejarah, politik dagang, budaya, alam, dan ilmu pengetahuan di balik eksplorasi dan eksploitasi rempah-rempah di Nusantara.

This article discusses spices as an important part of Indonesian history through the lens of total historical perspective. In the past, commodities such as cloves and nutmegs which grew in Moluccas Island have been highly valued in global economic trade. Sea voyage exploration from all over the world in quest of spices has created the “Spice Route” that makes nusantara became the axis of global economy. Besides very influential on so many aspects of life in global scope, the exploration of spices was also engendering the important discovery in scientific field ranging from from Itinerario, a cartographical work of Jan Huygen Linschoten to Herbarium Amboinense, a botanical work of Rumphius. Nevertheless, the exploration was also encourages the exploitation of nature. By applying total history approach as applied by Fernand Braudel, this article try to trace the connection of history, trade politics, culture, nature and science behind the story of exploration and exploitation of spices.

KEYWORDS
rempah-rempah, eksplorasi, eksploitasi

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